Sulfonylurea

Sulfonylurea (UK: sulphonylurea) derivatives are a class of antidiabetic drugs that are used in the management of diabetes mellitus type 2. They act by increasing insulin release from the beta cells in the pancreas.

Mechanism of action

Sulfonylureas bind to an ATP-dependent K⁺(K_ATP) channel on the cell membrane of pancreatic beta cells. This inhibits a tonic, hyperpolarizing efflux of potassium, thus causing the electric potential over the membrane to become more positive. This depolarization opens voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels. The rise in intracellular calcium leads to increased fusion of insulin granulae with the cell membrane, and therefore increased secretion of (pro)insulin.

Knudson hypothesis

PCR allele dropout

there is mutation exists at primer-binding site,
primer cannot bind firmly,
leading to one peak in DNA gel.

Pull down assay

http://www.piercenet.com/browse.cfm?fldID=F3FD3612-415F-42A5-8922-736F9FDD36FB

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PCR techniques

Some of the 32 (known?) PCR techniques:
·       Allele specific PCR,
·       Alu PCR,
·       Asymetric PCR,
·       Colony PCR,
·       Competitive quantitative PCR.
·       Competitive RT-PCR (c-RT-PCR).
·       Differential display RT-PCR.
·       Hot start PCR,
·       Immuno-PCR on chip
·       In Situ PCR.
·       Inverse PCR,
·       ISSR PCR,
·       Late PCR,
·       Ligation anchored PCR (LA-PCR).
·       Long PCR,
·       Long PCR,
·       Marathon RNA PCR.
·       Multiplex PCR,
·       Multiplex PCR.
·       Nested PCR,
·       Non-competitive RT-PCR.
·       PCR cloning,
·       PC sequencing
·       RACE-PCR.
·       RAP-PCR (RNA arbitrarily primed PCR).
·       Real time PCR
·       RNase ligase mediated PCR (RLM_RACE PCR).
·       RT PCR,
·       Standard PCR,
·       Suppression subtraction Hybridization PCR (SSH).
·       Touch down PCR,
·       AFLP PCR,
·       Single cell PCR

454 pyrosequencing

As the process continues, the complementary DNA strand is built up and the nucleotide sequence is determined from the signal peak in the pyrogram (intensity).

actual sequence: GCAGGCCT


http://genoseq.ucla.edu/action/view/Pyrosequencing